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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.
Topic 2	Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.
Topic 3	Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.
Topic 4	Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.
Topic 5	Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q126-Q131):

NEW QUESTION # 126
Management has requested an additional layer of remote access control to protect a critical database that is hosted online. Which of the following would 8EST provide this protection?

A. A proxy server with a virtual private network (VPN)
B. Incremental backups conducted continuously
C. Encryption of data at rest
D. Implementation of group rights

Answer: A

Explanation:
To add an extra layer of remote access control to a critical online database, using aproxy server combined with a VPNis the most effective method.
* Proxy Server:Acts as an intermediary, filtering and logging traffic.
* VPN:Ensures secure, encrypted connections from remote users.
* Layered Security:Integrating both mechanisms protects the database by restricting direct public access and encrypting data in transit.
* Benefit:Even if credentials are compromised, attackers would still need VPN access.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Incremental backups:This relates to data recovery, not access control.
* C. Implementation of group rights:This is part of internal access control but does not add a remote protection layer.
* D. Encryption of data at rest:Protects stored data but does not enhance remote access security.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Remote Access Security," Subsection "Securing RemoteAccess with VPNs and Proxies" - VPNs combined with proxies are recommended for robust remote access control.

NEW QUESTION # 127
Analyze the file titled pcap_artifact5.txt on the AnalystDesktop.
Decode the C2 host of the attack. Enter your responsebelow.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To decode theCommand and Control (C2) hostfrom thepcap_artifact5.txtfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theDesktopand locate the file:
pcap_artifact5.txt
* Open the file using a text editor:
* OnWindows:
nginx
notepad pcap_artifact5.txt
* OnLinux:
cat ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
Step 2: Examine the File Contents
* Check the contents to identify the encoding format. Typical encodings used for C2 communication include:
* Base64
* Hexadecimal
* URL Encoding
* ROT13
Example File Content (Base64 format):
nginx
aHR0cDovLzEwLjEwLjQ0LjIwMDo4MDgwL2NvbW1hbmQucGhw
Step 3: Decode the Contents
Method 1: Using PowerShell (Windows)
* OpenPowerShelland decode:
powershell
$encoded = Get-Content "C:Users<Username>Desktoppcap_artifact5.txt"
[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($encoded))
* This will print the decoded content directly.
Method 2: Using Linux
* Usebase64 decoding:
base64 -d ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
* If the content ishexadecimal, convert it as follows:
xxd -r -p ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
* If it appearsURL encoded, use:
echo -e $(cat ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt | sed 's/%/x/g')
Step 4: Analyze the Decoded Output
* If the output appears like a URL or an IP address, that is likely theC2 host.
Example Decoded Output:
arduino
http://10.10.44.200:8080/command.php
* TheC2 hostis:
10.10.44.200
Step 5: Cross-Verify the C2 Host
* OpenWiresharkand load the relevant PCAP file to cross-check the IP:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > ransom.pcap
* Filter for C2 traffic:
ini
ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* Validate the C2 host IP address through network traffic patterns.
10.10.44.200
Step 6: Document the Finding
* Record the following details:
* Decoded C2 Host:10.10.44.200
* Source File:pcap_artifact5.txt
* Decoding Method:Base64 (or the identified method)
Step 7: Next Steps
* Threat Mitigation:
* Block the IP address10.10.44.200at the firewall.
* Conduct anetwork-wide searchto identify any communications with the C2 server.
* Further Analysis:
* Check other PCAP files for similar traffic patterns.
* Perform adeep packet inspection (DPI)to identify malicious data exfiltration.

NEW QUESTION # 128
The CISO has received a bulletin from law enforcementauthorities warning that the enterprise may be at risk ofattack from a specific threat actor. Review the bulletin named CCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf on the Desktop.
Which host IP was targeted during the following timeframe: 11:39 PM to 11:43 PM (Absolute) on August
16,2024?

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: Understand the Task and Objective
Objective:
* Identify thehost IP targetedduring thespecified time frame:
vbnet
11:39 PM to 11:43 PM on August 16, 2024
* The relevant file to examine:
nginx
CCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf
* File location:
javascript
~/Desktop/CCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf
Step 2: Access and Analyze the Bulletin
2.1: Access the PDF File
* Open the file using a PDF reader:
xdg-open ~/Desktop/CCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf
* Alternative (if using CLI-based tools):
pdftotext ~/Desktop/CCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf - | less
* This command converts the PDF to text and allows you to inspect the content.
2.2: Review the Bulletin Contents
* Focus on:
* Specific dates and times mentioned.
* Indicators of Compromise (IoCs), such asIP addressesortimestamps.
* Any references toAugust 16, 2024, particularly between11:39 PM and 11:43 PM.
Step 3: Search for Relevant Logs
3.1: Locate the Logs
* Logs are likely stored in a central logging server or SIEM.
* Common directories to check:
swift
/var/log/
/home/administrator/hids/logs/
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/syslog
* Navigate to the primary logs directory:
cd /var/log/
ls -l
3.2: Search for Logs Matching the Date and Time
* Use the grep command to filter relevant logs:
grep "2024-08-16 23:3[9-9]|2024-08-16 23:4[0-3]" /var/log/syslog
* Explanation:
* grep: Searches for the timestamp pattern in the log file.
* "2024-08-16 23:3[9-9]|2024-08-16 23:4[0-3]": Matches timestamps from11:39 PM to 11:43 PM.
Alternative Command:
If log files are split by date:
grep "23:3[9-9]|23:4[0-3]" /var/log/syslog.1
Step 4: Filter the Targeted Host IP
4.1: Extract IP Addresses
* After filtering the logs, isolate the IP addresses:
grep "2024-08-16 23:3[9-9]|2024-08-16 23:4[0-3]" /var/log/syslog | awk '{print $8}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
* Explanation:
* awk '{print $8}': Extracts the field where IP addresses typically appear.
* sort | uniq -c: Counts unique IPs and sorts them.
Step 5: Analyze the Output
Sample Output:
15 192.168.1.10
8 192.168.1.20
3 192.168.1.30
* The IP with themost log entrieswithin the specified timeframe is usually thetargeted host.
* Most likely targeted IP:
192.168.1.10
* If the log contains specific attack patterns (likebrute force,exploitation, orunauthorized access), prioritize IPs associated with those activities.
Step 6: Validate the Findings
6.1: Cross-Reference with the Threat Bulletin
* Check if the identified IP matches anyIoCslisted in theCCOA Threat Bulletin.pdf.
* Look for context likeattack vectorsortargeted systems.
Step 7: Report the Findings
Summary:
* Time Frame:11:39 PM to 11:43 PM on August 16, 2024
* Targeted IP:
192.168.1.10
* Evidence:
* Log entries matching the specified timeframe.
* Cross-referenced with theCCOA Threat Bulletin.
Step 8: Incident Response Recommendations
* Block IP addressesidentified as malicious.
* Update firewall rulesto mitigate similar attacks.
* Monitor logsfor any post-compromise activity on the targeted host.
* Conduct a vulnerability scanon the affected system.
Final Answer:
192.168.1.10

NEW QUESTION # 129
A change advisory board Is meeting to review a remediation plan for a critical vulnerability, with a cybersecurity analyst in attendance. When asked about measures to address post-implementation issues, which o! the following would be the analyst's BEST response?

A. The remediation should be canceled if post-implementation issues are anticipated.
B. The severity of the vulnerability determines whether a rollback plan is required.
C. The presence of additional onsite staff during the implementation removes the need for a rollback plan.
D. Details for rolling back applied changes should be included In the remediation plan.

Answer: D

Explanation:
When discussing a remediation plan for acritical vulnerability, it is essential to include arollback plan because:
* Post-Implementation Issues:Changes can cause unexpected issues or system instability.
* Risk Mitigation:A rollback plan ensures quick restoration to the previous state if problems arise.
* Best Practice:Always plan for potential failures when applying significant security changes.
* Change Management:Ensures continuity by maintaining a safe fallback option.
Other options analysis:
* A. Canceling remediation:This is not a proactive or practical approach.
* C. Severity-based rollback:Rollback plans should be standard regardless of severity.
* D. Additional staff presence:Does not eliminate the need for a rollback strategy.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 9: Change Management in Security Operations:Emphasizes rollback planning during critical changes.
* Chapter 8: Vulnerability Management:Discusses post-remediation risk considerations.

NEW QUESTION # 130
Which type of security model leverages the use of data science and machine learning (ML) to further enhance threat intelligence?

A. Bell-LaPadula confidentiality model
B. Security-ln-depth model
C. Brew-Nash model
D. Layered security model

Answer: D

Explanation:
TheLayered security model(also known asDefense in Depth) increasingly incorporatesdata science and machine learning (ML)to enhance threat intelligence:
* Data-Driven Insights:Uses ML algorithms to detect anomalous patterns and predict potential attacks.
* Multiple Layers of Defense:Integrates traditional security measures with advanced analytics for improved threat detection.
* Behavioral Analysis:ML models analyze user behavior to identify potential insider threats or compromised accounts.
* Adaptive Security:Continually learns from data to improve defense mechanisms.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Brew-Nash model:Not a recognized security model.
* B. Bell-LaPadula confidentiality model:Focuses on maintaining data confidentiality, not on dynamic threat intelligence.
* C. Security-in-depth model:Not a formal security model; more of a general principle.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 8, Section "Advanced Threat Detection Techniques," Subsection "Layered Security and Machine Learning" - The layered security model benefits from incorporating ML to enhance situational awareness.

NEW QUESTION # 131
......

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